This investigation has several strengths, including a 95% five-year follow up, and careful measures of both LR and BOLD response contrasts. At the same time it is important to recognize that the reaction to alcohol is only one of several intermediate phenotypes related to the AUD risk (e.g., impulsivity), and that there are several additional characteristics related to how a person reacts to alcohol, including an exaggerated alcohol response at rapidly rising BACs (King et al, 2013; Schuckit, 2014). It will be interesting to establish whether functional brain imaging might have a role in predicting drinking outcomes related to other types of LR measures and additional risk factors for AUDs. A second important caveat is that the current sample of 114 subjects is underpowered for analyses that consider 13 ROIs generating 39 values across placebo, alcohol, and a score that reflects the difference between those two conditions. Thus, more conservative steps to control for Type 1 errors could not be applied, and we used the less conservative exact binomial approach. As a consequence, the current results may be an overly
