Physical health measures included: (a) general self-rated health (excellent, very good, good, fair, poor ); (b) computed body mass index based on self-reported height and weight; (c) total number of 17 medical conditions (i.e., hardening of the arteries or arteriosclerosis; high blood pressure or hypertension; diabetes or sugar diabetes; cirrhosis of the liver; any other form of liver disease; chest pain or angina pectoris; rapid heart beat or tachycardia; heart attack or myocardial infarction; high cholesterol; any other form of heart disease; stomach ulcer; HIV; AIDS; any other sexually transmitted diseases or venereal diseases; gastritis; arthritis; stroke) in the past 12 months; and (d) hardening of the arteries or arteriosclerosis, chest pain or angina pectoris, heart attack or myocardial infarction, and stroke in the past 12 months (yes, no).