All brain disorders showed enrichment for pathways involved in transcriptional and translational regulation (e.g. transcriptional regulators, RNA splicing, and DNA damage and repair pathways; Table 1). This is in line with the previous finding that transcriptional dysregulation may mediate risk for brain disorders16. Neuronal differentiation and neuronal apoptotic pathways were also enriched in all brain disorders. Neurogenesis was enriched in the majority of disorders except ASD and BD, consistent with an increasing number of studies elucidating the role of neurogenesis, differentiation, and neuronal apoptosis in brain disorders17,18. Not surprisingly, neurotransmitter and synaptic pathways were implicated in multiple brain disorders, supporting decades of studies highlighting the importance of synaptic function in psychiatric disorders19.
