To identify biological pathways underlying psychiatric and degenerative disorder risk, we conducted a gene ontology (GO) analysis on gene-level association statistics from H-MAGMA. We ranked genes based on Z-scores so that genes with higher Z-scores (more significantly associated with a given disorder) are located at the top of the list. We then tested whether a given gene set is over-represented at the top of the list by performing an incremental enrichment analysis (Methods, see Supplementary Data 4–5 for a full GO result). This approach allows us to (1) identify biological pathways associated with a given trait regardless of the power of GWAS, and (2) characterize the biological pathways reflecting the gene set as a whole rather than using arbitrarily defined genes with a specific P-value threshold.
