In the CN, upregulated DE genes were significantly enriched for astrocytic markers (pFDR = 7 × 10−6), whereas an enrichment for endothelial cell marker genes was detected among downregulated genes (pFDR = 2 × 10−7). No significant cell-type enrichment of DE genes was found in the putamen and the ventral striatum. GeneOverlap heatmap visualizations for the three brain regions are displayed in Supplementary Fig. 5.