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Chunk #2 — INTRODUCTION

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Polygenic contributions to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders across population-based and clinically ascertained samples.
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A recent study (Sanchez-Roige et al., 2018) conducted GWAS of both the consumption and problem subscales of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), a short screener for drinking in the past year (Saunders et al.,1993). In the UK Biobank sample, genetic liability to the consumption subscale (AUDIT-C; three items with information pertaining to alcohol consumption) was positively correlated with educational achievement and unrelated to psychopathology whereas liability to the problem subscale (AUDIT-P; seven items with information pertaining to alcohol problems) was negatively correlated with educational achievement and positively correlated with psychopathology. These findings are consistent with the lack of genetic correlation between psychiatric illness and genetic liability to alcohol consumption in the largest GWAS of the trait (drinks per week; Liu et al., 2019). In contrast, two recent studies suggest moderate genetic correlations between AUD and consumption indices, including the AUDIT-C (e.g., rg = 0.52, p = 2.40e-42) (Kranzler et al., 2019; Marees et al., 2019), while another study found that polygenic risk scores (PRS) for past week alcohol consumption predicted a modest but significant amount of variance in