We created these 4 PGSs in each cohort based on previously published GWAS summary statistics. Summary statistics were weighted using PRS-CS (“auto” version) and 1000 Genomes EUR reference panels for estimating linkage disequilibrium, as provided with the software (41). PGSs were calculated in PLINK2 (42) using the ‘--score’ method. Each PGS was entered in a regression model with 10 ancestry principal components and genetic sex as predictors. The PGS residuals, after removing the effects of these covariates, were used for further analyses.
