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Chunk #0 — 1. Introduction

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Gender-related effects of prefrontal cortex connectivity: a resting-state functional optical tomography study.
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Resting-state functional connectivity, which refers to the spontaneous neural activity, has become one of the important approaches for neuroscience to understanding the functional organization of the human brain [1]. The oscillations of resting-state brain hemodynamic spontaneous fluctuations with low frequency (< 0.1 Hz) can reflect the characteristics of spontaneous neural activity [2–6]. A range of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies pointed out that temporal correlations of blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) response between different regions indicate the functional connections with spontaneous activity in brain [7–10]. The result also implies the existed interactions between neuronal populations during the resting-state. Thus, the correlation analysis of spontaneous activity in resting-state brain activity maps can provide insight into the intrinsic functional connectivity of the human brain. Resting-state studies based on fMRI have greatly increased our knowledge to the neuro-connective process of default mode network [11]. Although fMRI provides several strengths such as noninvasive and excellent spatial resolution, however, the limitation of huge size of instruments and confines the participants to restricted positions inside the magnet cannot provide diagnosis with patient-oriented measurement. These characteristics