The MMM is a 25-item measure on which respondents indicate, on a 5-point Likert-type scale (1 = “almost never / never” to 5 = “almost always / always”), the degree to which they smoke marijuana for a variety of possible reasons (e.g. “to be sociable”). The MMM consists of five first-order factors: (1) Enhancement (e.g., “to get high”); (2) Conformity (e.g., “to fit into the group I like”); (3) Expansion (e.g., “to expand my awareness”); (4) Coping (e.g., “to forget my worries”); and (5) Social (e.g., “makes social gatherings more fun”). The MMM has excellent psychometric properties, including high internal consistency (intra-class alpha = .70–.92; Chabrol, Ducongé, Casas, Roura, & Carey, 2005; Simons et al. 1998; Zvolensky et al., 2007; Zvolensky et al. 2009). In the present sample, internal consistency for the MMM factors ranged from: alpha = .76 (Conformity) to alpha = .91 (Expansion).
