A study of 99 MZ and 151 DZ adolescent twins (Anokhin et al., 2008) has found a highly significant heritability of all three ERP components related to error monitoring: ERN (47%), CRN (60%) and Pe (52% in males, 39% in females). Furthermore, a significant genetic correlation was found between these components. Thus, neural substrates of error monitoring, a fundamental mechanism of behavioral regulation, appear to be under significant genetic control.
