We focus here on a core validating test for pooling. This core test comes from analyses of the relationships between a) “observed allele ratios”, background-subtracted, normalized hybridization intensity ratio values obtained from different pools of DNAs and b) “expected allele ratios” the fraction of eg. “A” and “B” alleles obtained from individual genotypes. We and others have compared allelic determinations from individual DNAs vs results from pools with equal of differing amounts of DNA from small numbers or larger numbers of control individuals in use of HuSNP, Affymetrix 10k, 100k, 500k and 1million SNP products, Perlegen arrays and Illumina 300 and 500k arrays [11, 33, 39, 41, 42, 122, 123, 127].