Macroelectrophysiological recordings reflect the activity of large-scale neuronal assemblies; exactly how these neural assemblies organize to generate behavior is largely unknown. However, a body of knowledge is beginning to emerge that suggests that the phase locking of frequency specific, neuro-oscillatory activity within and between neural assemblies may underlie the processes whereby the brain organizes and communicates information (Basar et al., 1999a, 1999b; Roach and Mathalon, 2008; Sauseng and Klimesch, 2008 for reviews). Phase locking of event-related oscillations (EROs) represents a methodology whereby neuronal synchrony can be quantified and compared among experimental conditions in both man and animals providing thereby a translatable measure with which to explore the neural basis of behavior.
