Similar problems may arise in biobank research systems. At least when contributors are asked to consent to use of their samples and/or data in a biobank research system (as opposed to those contributors never asked for consent because their samples and/or data are de-identified and used in research that is not considered human subjects research), the contributors may expect to be offered IFs and IRRs.29–31 This may be especially true when contributors consent to the use of their samples and/or data in biobank research focused on a particular disease. Biobank research systems need to make clear to contributors whether no IFs and IRRs will be returned or there is indeed an option for return. If there is an option for return, biobank research systems will need to ask whether individual contributors consent to recontact and return.
