Our observation that antisocial behavior predicted alcohol use (but not vice versa) during mid-to late adolescence is in line with previous results of cross-lagged studies (Silberg et al., 2003; White et al., 1993; Young et al. 2008) and is consistent with the observations that antisocial behavior precedes and predicts alcohol use (Englund et al., 2008; Kuperman et al., 2001; Merline et al., 2008; Windle, 1990). The result may support the “susceptibility” hypothesis, which posits that predispositions toward antisocial activities lead a person to choose situations that encourage heavy drinking (Bushman and Cooper, 1990; Graham et al., 1998; White et al., 1993). Although we did not find robust evidence for an association of alcohol use with subsequent antisocial behavior, we note that previous findings on the disinhibitory effects of alcohol on antisocial behavior and aggression largely come from experimental settings that focused on the immediate effect of alcohol on one’s behavior (Bushman and Cooper, 1990; Cherek et al., 1985; Miczek et al., 2004). Cross-lagged analyses, including our study, have focused on relatively longer term effects, mostly over a year (White et
