focused on the immediate effect of alcohol on one’s behavior (Bushman and Cooper, 1990; Cherek et al., 1985; Miczek et al., 2004). Cross-lagged analyses, including our study, have focused on relatively longer term effects, mostly over a year (White et al., 1993; Young et al., 2008). Studies that reported longer term effects of alcohol use on antisocial behavior (Brook et al., 1998; Ellickson et al., 2003; Maldonado-Molina et al., 2011; Resnick et al., 2004) have examined antisocial behavior measured in early adulthood as a consequence of earlier alcohol use.
