factors (Reise et al., 2007). Specifically, the bifactor model assumes each criterion loads on two factors, one overall “general” factor (shared by all criteria) and another “group” factor shared only by those other criteria potentially measuring the same (sub) construct. The model estimates how strongly the criteria load on the overall general disorder factor versus the specific “group” factors obtained after controlling for the overall general factor. All dependence, abuse, and craving criteria were allowed to load on the general factor. In addition, the dependence and abuse criteria were respectively allowed to load on their own “group” factor, while the cravings criterion was free to load on both the dependence and abuse factors. A single dimension is supported by strong loadings (>0.40) for all criteria on the general factor, with smaller loadings on the group factors (larger loadings on the latter indicating criteria with variability not fully captured by the general factor). Finally, a one-factor CFA model was fit to all criteria (including cravings) and then fit again without including legal problems. Evaluation of model fit for the one-factor model was based on the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) and the comparative fit index (CFI). For RMSEA, smaller
