Mood disorders included DSM-IV primary major depressive disorder (MDD), dysthymia, and bipolar disorders. Anxiety disorders included DSM-IV primary panic disorder (with and without agoraphobia), social anxiety disorder, specific phobias and generalized anxiety disorder. Consistent with DSM-IV, “primary” AUDADIS-IV diagnoses excluded disorders that are substance-induced or due to general medical conditions. Diagnoses of MDD ruled out bereavement [20]. AUDADIS-IV diagnostic methods and advantages over other survey interviews are described in detail elsewhere.[19] Personality disorders (PDs) and conduct disorder diagnoses have been described in detail elsewhere [20]. Personality disorders included avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive, paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, and antisocial PDs. Personality disorder diagnoses require long-term patterns of social and occupational impairment [20].
