and externalizing behaviors among adolescent boys than girls (Borawski et al., 2003; Tebes et al., 2011). Yet, others found no differences in the relations between parental alcohol problems, parenting, and adolescent outcomes (Shorey et al., 2013). These mixed findings could be in part due to differences in sample characteristics (i.e., age of the adolescents) and research methodology (i.e., measurement of parenting behaviors) across studies. Furthermore, few studies have examined these offspring gender differences when considering the unique influences of fathers and mothers (Ohannessian, 2012; Shorey et al., 2013).
