Three studies evaluated the association of stimulant medication and cocaine use, with ORs ranging from 1.22 to 6.85, and all 95% CIs included 1. The random-effects model estimated that children treated with stimulant medication may have higher odds of having used cocaine compared with those who did not receive stimulant medication, but the precision of the estimate is limited, and the 95% CI included 1 (OR, 2.21; 95% CI, 0.87−5.65; P =.10). No significant heterogeneity was observed (Q = 3.27, P=.20).
