Results for the PGS analysis can be found in Table IV. Among the Spit for Science participants of European ancestry, estimates for the effect of PGS on externalizing were consistently in the expected direction, whereby higher polygenic scores were associated with higher levels of externalizing behavior. As p values for inclusion in the PGS became less stringent, polygenic scores became more strongly associated with the outcome, in terms of ΔR2. Overall the polygenic score that included SNPs meeting p < .10 from the COGA GWAS/S4S LOO GWAS meta-analysis was most strongly associated with externalizing in S4S, though the variance the scores explained was small (approximately 0.20%) and the p-value was not significant after correcting for a false discovery rate of 5% (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995).
