Significant previous research employing daily diary (DD) methods and ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has investigated triggers for alcohol use in social drinkers and clinical samples of AUD as well as in other substance use disorders (Serre et al., 2015; Shiffman et al., 2002; Wray et al., 2014). However, direct assessments of whether stress increases alcohol and drug craving and if craving mediates future use have been rare. For example, Preston and colleagues have shown that exposure to both stress and opioid and cocaine-related cues increases craving in an additive and synergistic manner using momentary sampling methods with multiple randomly assessed measurements per day (i.e., random prompts; Bertz et al., 2018; Kowalczyk et al., 2015; Preston et al., 2018; Preston et al., 2018a); however, stressful events by themselves were not sufficient to reliably predict opioid or cocaine use (Furnari et al., 2015; Preston and Epstein, 2011). Craving is a reliable predictor of substance use in both non-treatment seeking and treatment-seeking samples (see Serre et al., 2015 for review), including among adults in outpatient substance treatment (Moore et al., 2014) and heavy-drinking
