In this study, we describe the method for the efficient generation of authentic human MGE and CGE cells as well as GABAergic cortical interneurons by developmentally relevant dorsoventral and rostrocaudal modulation, which well recapitulates in vivo ventral telencephalic development. This will help accelerate the realization of the full potential of iPSC technology. In particular, this will provide cell sources for regenerative medicine, for which numerous proof-of-principle studies have been performed to treat epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, schizophrenia and neuropathic pain [28,30–32]. This homogeneous and authentic cell population will also be beneficial for human developmental studies, where use of embryo-derived human tissues is unethical and limited. Furthermore, efficient generation of different subtypes of cortical interneurons will prove critical to studying disease mechanisms in vitro from patient-derived cells and to screening novel small molecules for treatment of associated diseases. (See Table 3).
