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Chunk #27 — DISCUSSION

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Genome-wide association study of opioid dependence: multiple associations mapped to calcium and potassium pathways.
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There were additional GWS associations (albeit not-yet-replicated) of biological interest. PARVA, encoding alpha parvin, which is reported to play roles in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal organization, was associated in the GWAS for OD (Phase 2 meta p=1.75×10−8). APBB2 (Phase 2 meta p=2.26×10−9) encodes a member of a family of proteins that bind the amyloid precursor protein that may be important for signal transduction and is associated with Alzheimer disease risk (30). A closely related gene, APBB1, was shown previously to be associated to ND (31).