do not explicitly assess nicotine-related effects. The potential for diurnal rhythms to fully account for the observed effects involving craving and withdrawal is, in our opinion, modest as our findings are largely consistent with prior studies examining short term abstinence effects as compared to non-abstinence ad-libitum smoking (Hendricks et al., 2006). Ecological momentary assessment studies have typically adopted a random assessment design; in order to model longer term abstinence on the order of days to weeks. This study used a fixed-interval rapid assessment design to accurately model short term abstinence, thus this should be noted when comparing findings with other studies. Lastly, environmental stimuli have been shown to be significant drivers of craving, which we were not able to adequately model in our data.
