an effect of CVC treatment as both inhibitor treatment paradigms increased CD68 positivity (Fig. 6c). Importantly, the flow cytometry is based on microglia from the total brain, whereas the immunofluorescence measurements were performed in the hippocampus only. Taken together, these data suggest that alcohol significantly reduces microglial CD68 expression and provides evidence of alterations in the microglial phagocytic activity that may impact microglia function after chronic alcohol exposure.