Summary statistics were aligned to chromosome-position scaffolds for Genome Reference Consortium Human Build 37 (GRCh37/hg19) and marker names were obtained from the Haplotype Reference Consortium (HRC) v1.1.59 Summary statistics on a different genome build were lifted over to GRCh37 using rtracklayer v1.48.062 with UCSC Chain Files and removing positions that are not comparable between genome builds.63 We then used DENTIST42 to identify any heterogeneity between each set of summary statistics and the HRC LD reference. We calculated FST of SNP allele frequencies between each sample and the reference using the Hudson estimator,64,65 fit a beta distribution to the observed FST values, and identified outliers that exceeded an upper quantile in the fitted distribution of 0.05 divided by the number of variants tested in the summary statistics. We removed SNPs: DENTIST or FST outliers; minor allele frequency in cases and controls < 0.001; a minor allele count in cases and controls of < 20; imputation INFO score < 0.1; or that had alleles that were inconsistent with the reference sample. For each set of summary statistics we calculated the median odds
