The mechanisms of action of amphetamine-like compounds involve effects at both plasma membrane transporters and vesicular transporters (Seiden & Sabol, 1993; Sulzer, Sonders, Poulsen, & Galli, 2005). The presence of VMAT2 in dopaminergic, noradrenergic, serotonergic, histaminergic, and potentially trace aminergic neurons invites consideration of a wider role for monoaminergic neurotransmission in the effects of amphetamine-like compounds (Eiden & Weihe, 2011). While the different amphetamine compounds share affinity for VMAT2, the affinity of these compounds for the monoamine plasma membrane transporters differs substantially (Rothman & Baumann, 2003). This is an important aspect of their function as they primarily enter the cell via the plasma membrane transporters to assert their actions at VMAT2. Thus, some amphetamine-like compounds, such as methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) act fairly selectively on DAT and SERT respectively, while d-amphetamine itself is rather non-selective. Recently there has been a proliferation of illicit use of novel amphetamine analogues, including methcathinone and methylenedioxymethcathinone, among others. These compounds differ from other amphetamine-like compounds in their subjective effects, their potential for adverse effects and their selectivity for various monoamine transporters (Martinez-Clemente, Escubedo,
