dependence on other more addictive substances [3] and cannabis dependence carries a heavy burden, as it is associated with detrimental consequences on health [6]. Important research efforts have focused on cannabis use in association with specific disorders, such as psychosis, and among clinical populations with substantial comorbid psychopathology; but the larger cannabis-dependent population and the potential relevance of genetics and behavioral traits, such as reward sensitivity and neuroticism-anxiety, have been understudied.