substance use, as well as parental problematic substance use, did not differ between 9th and 10th grade students. We also created a sum variable of all types of lifetime substance use to examine the correlation between adolescent and problematic parental substance use. Results demonstrated that adolescent substance use was positively associated with both maternal (r = .18, p < .001) and paternal (r = .27, p < .001) problematic substance use.
