an average of ~−55 mV on day 20 (n=12, Fig. 3c, Supplementary Table 2,3). Additionally, we asked whether these cells possessed functional ligand-gated ion channels. iN cells responded to exogenous application of GABA, and this response could be blocked by the GABA receptor antagonist picrotoxin (Supplementary Fig. 3g). Thus, MEF-derived iN cells appear to exhibit the functional membrane properties of neurons and possess ligand-gated GABA-receptors.