Chunk #116 — 9.0 Selective Review of Electrophysiological Biomarkers as Candidate Endophenotypes — 9.1 A review of how well candidate endophenotypes satisfy threshold criteria
The second column of Table 5 contains our evaluation of the strength of evidence for considering the biomarker in each row an endophenotype, based on how well it meets the Section I Threshold Criteria in Table 1. We classified measures into one of four categories: biomarker (represented by B), suggestive evidence (S), moderate evidence (M), and persuasive evidence (P). Putative endophenotypes meeting only criterion #1 in Table 1 – evidence of a phenotypic association with a clinical phenotype, without evidence of genetic influence -- are classified as biomarkers. For instance, the theta/beta ratio of resting EEG power, thought to be a marker of ADHD, and disrupted neural synchrony in PTSD, do not appear to be genetically influenced. Evidence of genetic influence is most commonly provided by heritability studies. However, evidence for genetic influence on a few measures comes from findings in healthy first-degree relatives, such as PFC broadband noise and the feedback positivity. We considered the evidence as “suggestive” if there was evidence of heritability but neither criterion #3 or #4 was met. For us to consider the evidence as
