The brain samples for the PD microarray and RNA-seq analysis were obtained from The Netherlands Brain Bank (NBB), Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam (open access: www.brainbank.nl). All Material has been collected from donors for or from whom a written informed consent for a brain autopsy and the use of the material and clinical information for research purposes had been obtained by the NBB. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the VU University Medical Center (VUmc, Amsterdam) and local Medical Ethics Committee (METC VUmc, reference number 2009/148) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.