In the figure, each graph is broken down into four bins having R = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9 and 1.0. Interestingly, within each bin, when are ordered by descending f 11 (from 0.9K to 0.0) and increasing f 12 & f 22 (from 1.1K to 1.0), it shows a noticeable increasing trend as shown on the graphs. Meanwhile, when f 22 is small ( = 1.1K), the blue dots are close to the bottom line on each graph. We note that in order to have enough power to detect the signals, we need to have relatively distinguishable penetrances (i.e. f cannot be too close to g) in the model. Indeed, there is no information when all three penetrances are equal to K.
