Childhood physical abuse and neglect (CPAN) were queried in the early home environment section, which covered experiences that occurred from 6 to 13 years of age. Participants were coded positive for CPAN if they reported either of the following experiences as occurring often : (1) ‘hit with a belt or stick or something like that ’ or (2) ‘physically punished so hard that you hurt the next day’ (with mother figure and father figure queried separately) ; or if they endorsed (3) ‘being physically injured or hurt on purpose by any adult. ’ CPAN criteria could also be met by endorsing (4) ‘non-physical, harsh (lock in closet, deprive of food) ’ or ‘physical harsh (use weapon, punch, whip) ’ as the usual means of punishment by either the mother figure or father figure (queried separately). Sexual molestation was assessed in the home environment section by asking whether before age 16 there was any forced sexual contact with (1) a family member or (2) anyone 5 or more years older. History of rape was assessed in the sexual maturation with the question, ‘Has anyone ever forced you to have sexual intercourse ? ’
