The prevalence of negative results may also highlight anatomical discrepancies or differences in homology that may exist across species and even across studies within the same species. While there is debate about the degree to which rodents share homologous frontal lobe structures such as the ACC with humans (33–35), recent evidence suggests that there may be a rodent homolog of this region when looking at striatal-cortical connectivity (36); still other studies have highlighted high degrees of functional homology (33). Importantly, in our study, we targeted lesions to the same region of the ACC that exhibited increased activity on STOP trials (11). Thus, even if there is not an exact anatomical homolog in rats, our lesions targeted functionally homologous signals in the ACC to examine the role that they play at the level of behavior and downstream firing, which may have been key in obtaining the results described here.
