Baseline DSM-IV alcohol dependence was based on criteria from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) for Psychoactive Substance Dependence. The DIS, which uses DSM-IV criteria (American Psychiatric Association, 2000), has been used in other published studies (Caetano and Raspberry, 2000; Matzger et al., 2004; Room et al., 2004; Weisner et al., 2001). Individuals with three or more symptoms (occurring in the previous 30 days) out of a total of seven were classified as dependent.
