Personality traits were assessed using the NEO-PI-R questionnaire (Costa and McCrae, 1992) at all waves within a period of approximately 15 years. Impulsiveness is a facet from the Neuroticism domain that measures the tendency to act on cravings and urges in response to distress along with later regret. Since the scores on the Impulsiveness facet from the Neuroticism domain did not differ significantly across assessment waves, we composed a new dependent variable for the impulsiveness facet by averaging the individual scores across the different data waves (T4-T6). Subjects with Lifetime AUD diagnosis have higher impulsiveness score (16.5 ± 4.0; p = 0.0003) than those without AUD diagnosis (14.8 ± 3.9).
