Subjects (N = 468) were between 8 and 17 years of age (M = 12.25, SD = 2.65). The AE group (n = 209) comprised children with confirmed histories of heavy prenatal alcohol exposure as described above. Standardized dysmorphology examinations were conducted according to CIFASD procedures (Mattson et al., 2010a, Jones et al., 2010, Jones et al., 2006) and dysmorphology data were available for 196 children in the alcohol-exposed group and of these, 79 (40.3%) met criteria for FAS. Similarly, children from 5 sites (all but the South African site) were screened for ADHD using the C-DISC-4.0 and 65 (60.2%) in the AE group met diagnostic criteria for ADHD. The CON group (n = 185) consisted of typically developing children who did not meet diagnostic criteria for FAS or ADHD, and had histories of little to no prenatal exposure to alcohol, as described above. Children were excluded from the CON group if they demonstrated clinical or subclinical symptoms of ADHD, as defined by the C-DISC-4.0. While the South African site did not recruit subjects with ADHD, control subjects were screened
