Studies were selected if: (1) they included a mindfulness-based intervention, (2) they included a clinical sample (i.e., participants had a diagnosable psychological or physical/medical disorder); (3) they included adult samples (ages 18-65); (4) the mindfulness program was not coupled with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy or Dialectic Behavior Therapy; (5) included a measure of anxiety and/or mood symptoms at both pre- and post-intervention; and (6) provided sufficient data to perform effect size analyses (i.e., means and standard deviations, t or F values, change scores, frequencies, or probability levels). Studies were excluded if the sample overlapped either partially or completely with the sample of another study meeting inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. In these cases, we selected for inclusion the study with the larger sample size or more complete data for measures of anxiety and depression symptoms. For studies that provided insufficient data but were otherwise appropriate for the analyses, authors were contacted for supplementary data.
