As the aim of the current investigation was to characterize the impact of trauma exposure on cannabis involvement, the current study did not investigate if cannabis involvement increased the risk of experiencing a trauma. That is, cannabis use may increase the risk for additional trauma exposure by increasing the likelihood of high-risk behaviors (Baskin-Sommers and Sommers, 2006). Secondly, the current study coded each trauma type as positive at the first age of onset not taking into account later additional exposures to the same trauma. Future research would benefit from a more fine-tuned consideration of trauma exposure assessment that assessed events occurring throughout the lifespan. Future research should query cannabis involvement and trauma exposure longitudinally, beginning in childhood, to allow for the examination of the impact trauma-related factors have on the trajectory of cannabis use and cannabis related pathology. Additional methodological limitations include the potential for recall bias of ages of onset for both substance and trauma related measures as well use of a Midwestern cohort that might not be generalizable to national and global populations. The current findings suggest etiological
