limitations include the potential for recall bias of ages of onset for both substance and trauma related measures as well use of a Midwestern cohort that might not be generalizable to national and global populations. The current findings suggest etiological models of cannabis involvement for AA and EA women must be considered discretely as risk and protective factors may differ across race. However, future research would benefit from including a larger sample of AA women, as the current investigation was limited by AA sample size. Including a larger AA cohort would allow for the development of well powered, racially distinct etiological models of cannabis involvement. Lastly, the current findings cannot be generalized to men as men differ from women with respect to their experiences of trauma, reactions to trauma (Breslau, 2002; Tolin and Foa, 2006) and level of involvement in cannabis (Agrawal and Lynskey, 2007).
