In individuals of European ancestry for MDD-META and SR-Depression, meta-analysis was performed using METAL with inverse variance weighting for: MVP tranche 1, MVP tranche 2, the PGC-UKB MDD-META meta-analysis,10 23andMe,9 and FinnGen Mood [affective] disorders ( http://r2.finngen.fi/pheno/F5_MOOD). For the PHQ2 meta-analysis, the procedures were the same for the following samples: MVP tranche 1, MVP tranche 2, and UK Biobank. Meta-analysis in the African American participants was carried out only between tranche 1 and 2 of the MVP data due to absence of data in the other samples. Our results depend on contributions from many sources over many years. Some of the contributory studies and historical context of GWASes for MDD are presented in Table S5.
