The 23andMe phenotype was based on responses to 4 questions: “Have you ever been diagnosed by a doctor with any of the following psychiatric conditions?”, “Have you ever been diagnosed with clinical depression?”, “Have you ever been diagnosed with or treated for any of the following conditions? (Depression)”, and “In the last 2 years, have you been newly diagnosed with or started treatment for any of the following conditions? (Depression)”. Cases were defined as having responded “Yes” to any of the above questions, and controls, when not a case and at least 1 “No” response to the above questions.
