were implanted with eight-channel drivable recording electrodes in DMS (AP: −0.4 mm; ML: ±0.5 mm; DV: −3.5 mm) (Fig. 1C). Rats were randomly assigned to treatment conditions, and no differences in the number of trials performed (t(14) = 0.4149, P = 0.6845) or the percentage of correct trials performed (t(14) = 0.807, P = 0.4332) were observed prior to surgery between the two treatment groups.