Heavy drinking is common and costly in the U.S. (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, 2011), ranking as the third leading cause of preventable death (CDC, 2004). Excessive drinking impacts risk for cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal bleeding, cirrhosis of the liver, cancer, unintentional injuries, and violence (CDC, 2004; United States Department of Health and Human Services, 2005), and contributes an estimated yearly economic burden of $234 billion (Rehm et al., 2009). Laboratory studies and naturalistic observations have demonstrated that smoking and alcohol consumption are highly comorbid behaviors (Barrett et al., 2006; Harrison and McKee, 2008a; Lasser et al., 2000; McKee et al., 2006), and smokers are substantially more likely than non-smokers to meet the criteria for an alcohol use disorder (alcohol abuse or dependence) (McKee et al., 2007). Alcohol-tobacco comorbidity is particularly concerning given that the health risks of combined versus singular abuse of alcohol and tobacco are multiplicative (McKee & Weinberger, 2013). Economic investigations have generally found that the cross-price elasticity between alcohol and tobacco is negative, suggesting that the two behaviors function as complements rather than substitutes (e.g.,
