Participants’ DNA samples were genotyped using the Illumina Human1M array (Illumina), the Illumina Human OmniExpress 12V1 array (Illumina), the Illumina 2.5 M array (Illumina), or the Smokescreen genotyping array (Biorealm LLC). A full description of data processing, quality control, and imputation is available in Lai et al. (2019). Data were imputed to 1000 Genome Phase 3, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a genotyping rate <0.95, that violated Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p < 10−6), or had minor allele frequency (MAF) <0.01 were excluded from analysis.
