The present report is part of a larger study exploring risk factors for substance dependence among Native American Indians [57-68]. The lifetime prevalence of substance dependence in this Indian population is high and evidence for heritability and linkage to specific chromosome locations has been demonstrated [65,69-72]. The purpose of the present set of analyses was to determine if a significant association could be detected between 13 SNPs in the OPRM1 receptor gene and self-report of subjective response to alcohol in this population.