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Chunk #23 — Illustrative evidence: MAOA, 5-HTTLPR, dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) — The 5-hydroxytryptamine-linked polymorphic region polymorphism

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Vulnerability genes or plasticity genes?
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yes

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l/l). Re-graphing Eley et al.'s28 Figure 1 using the format adopted originally by Caspi et al.5 brings this fact to the fore (see Figure 2 below). Comparison of the two figures highlights graphically the point being made repeatedly: the s/s genotype is associated with elevated depressive symptoms or risk among women in high-stress environments, yet among those in low-stress environments the s/s genotype is associated with reduced depressive symptom levels or risk relative to women with the l/l genotype. Wilhelm et al.'s29 longitudinal data document the same pattern in an investigation of probability of life-time major depression and exposure to adverse events across a 5-year study period.