Among major findings reported by our group in Liu et al. (Liu et al., 2006) was the consistent down-regulation of particular biological processes such as myelination and cell adhesion, which play critical roles in the development of the CNS and synapse formation. These observations were supported by previous morphological and expression profiling studies (Charness et al., 1994; Lewohl et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2004; Mayfield et al., 2002). We have now found that up-regulated miRNAs appear to impact the down-regulation of genes relevant to the same processes, for example miR-203/miR-586/miR-146a targeting proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1), a major component of the myelin sheath; miR-194 targeting myelin gene regulatory factor C11ORF9 (a putative transcription factor); and miR-519b-3p/miR665 targeting minor myelin sheath component 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′phosphodiesterase (CNP). Important cell adhesion genes such as activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM ) and scavenger receptor class B, member 2 (SCARB2) are apparently targeted by a myriad of up-regulated miRNAs including miR-586/miR-144/miR-34c-5p/miR-18a and miR-203/miR-586/miR-580/miR-144/miR-380/miR-802/miR-7/miR-339-5p respectively. Genes involved in cytoskeleton (CDC42, FERMT2, LMO7, ABI2, TNKS, CNP, CAPN3, DST, SPAST, SGBC) and cell projection (ALCAM, CDC42, CCDC88A,
