In addition, odds ratios (OR) and 95 per cent Wald confidence intervals (95 per cent CI) were estimated in Stata 8.1 for both the allelic and genotypic distribution by dividing the dataset into controls (n = 105, AUDIT score ≤12), problem drinkers (n = 64, AUDIT score ≥20) and treated alcoholics (n = 104). Genotype and allele distributions for the problem drinkers and treated alcoholic subjects were each compared with those in the controls as the reference group. Genotypic odds ratios were calculated by collapsing two genotypes (one heterozygous and one homozygous group) into one, and comparing the collapsed genotype count with that of the count of the remaining homozygous genotype.